Battle of Talavera on 28th July 1809 in the Peninsular War: picture by E. Walker. The French advance was subject to the fire of the British guns on the Cerro de Medellin. Units labeled Cazadores Regiment are regular light infantry. … Soult ordered Ney and his other subordinate commanders to march to Salamanca. It was planned that Sebastiani’s Corps would take the left of the French advance, but his troops were still coming up on the east bank of the River Alberche, only Merlin’s dragoon division having crossed. While the French infantry were compelled to stand in square, they were subject to heavy cannon fire by British and Spanish guns and prevented from advancing. There were 21 clasps available for service in the Peninsular War. 3rd Foot Guards at the Battle of Talavera on 28th July 1809 in the Peninsular War. The British and KGL lost 5,363 men killed, wounded or captured. As the Spanish approached Gamonal, they were confronted by Latour Maubourg’s Dragoon Division. The British were developing shrapnel (named after the British officer who invented it) which increased the effectiveness of exploding shells against troops in the field, by showering them with metal fragments. The city originated as the Roman Caesarobriga and was conquered by King Alfonso VI in 1082. Date + Location: 27-28 July 1809, Talavera Spain Belligerents: France Belligerents: Great Britain, Spain Strength: 46 000 Strength: 55 000 Casualties and losses: 7 400 killed or wounded Casualties and losses: 7 400 killed or wounded tactical result: Inconclusive strategic result: Inconclusive On October 1808 Sir John Moore took command of the Anglo-Portuguese army. With Portugal liberated, Wellington turned his attention to Spain, and planned a joint operation with a Spanish army under General Cuesta. On 11th July 1809, Wellesley and Cuesta had a difficult four-hour conference to work out a plan of campaign. Throughout the Peninsular War and the Waterloo campaign, the British army was plagued by a shortage of artillery. Of Ruffin’s 3 regiments, each of 3 battalions, the 24th of the Line was to march around the north of the Cerro de Medellin and attack the British flank, while the 9th Light was to cross the ravine of the Portina Brook and make a frontal assault, with the 96th of the Line crossing the Portina Brook further south and attacking the right flank of the British troops on the Cerro de Medellin. Uniforms, arms, equipment at the Battle of Talavera:The British infantry wore red waist-length jackets, grey trousers, and stovepipe shakos. Spanish troops leaving the battlefield at the Battle of Talavera on 27th July 1809 in the Peninsular War: picture by Richard Caton Woodville. Alternate victory and defeat attended until the 21 st June, 1813, when Napoleon’s enterprise in Spain met its Waterloo at the battle … The French 96th of the Line was additionally subjected to a fire into its left flank from the KGL battalions, brought forward by Sherbrooke. 35 Regiments of Line 2. Battle of Talavera de la Reina, Spain, an 1809 battle of the Peninsular War; Battle of Talavera de la Reina (1936), during the Spanish Civil War On the peak of the Cerro de Medellin stood Donkin’s Brigade and on the lower slopes of the Cerro de Medellin, Stewart’s Brigade on the southern slope and Tilson’s Brigade on the northern slope. British reinforcements were arriving in Lisbon for Wellesley’s army, but were being held up by the shortage of mule carts to carry equipment and supplies and cash for Wellesley’s treasury. During the French attack in the centre, the French guns on the Cerro de Cascajal fired a heavy bombardment on the British troops on the Cerro de Medellin, inflicting severe casualties, particularly on Donkin’s Brigade. In Spain: The War of Independence As the main battles—Talavera (July 1809) and Vitoria (June 1813)—were fought by Wellington, the guerrillas pinned down French garrisons, intercepted dispatches, and isolated convoys. Talavera, Battle of, Talavera de la Reina, Spain, 1809 Please provide your name, email, and your suggestion so that we can begin assessing any terminology changes. A loud cheer from the centre seems to have been sufficient to reassure Wellesley that matters there were turning out well and to have been the trigger for him to order Anson to attack the French moving around the Cerro de Medellin, with Fane’s heavy dragoons in support. Regular units titled Cavalry are heavy cavalry while units titled Cazadores are light cavalry. With the French driven back, the British infantry were able to march to the main line, covered by the cavalry brigades of Anson, Cotton and Fane, but under a heavy fire from French horse artillery. 43rd Regiment collecting the dead after the Battle of Talavera on 28th July 1809 in the Peninsular War: picture by Lady Butler, British order of battle at the Battle of Talavera:Commander-in-Chief: Lieutenant General Sir Arthur Wellesley, commanded by Lieutenant General William Payne1st Brigade: commanded by Brigadier General Henry Fane: 3rd Dragoon Guards and 4th Dragoons, 2nd Brigade: commanded by Brigadier General Stapleton Cotton: 14th and 16th Light Dragoons, 3rd Brigade: commanded by Brigadier General George Anson: 23rd Light Dragoons and 1st Hussars, King’s German Legion, Corporal of First Foot Guards: Battle of Talavera on 28th July 1809 in the Peninsular War, Infantry:1st Division: commanded by Lieutenant General John Sherbrooke1st Brigade: commanded by Brigadier General Henry Campbell: 1st Battalion, Coldstream Guards, 1st/3rd Guards and 1 company 5th/60th Foot, 2nd Brigade: commanded by Brigadier General Alan Cameron: 1st/61st and 2nd/83rd Foot and 1 company 5th/60th Foot, 3rd Brigade: commanded by Brigadier General Ernst, Baron Langwerth: 1st and 2nd Line Battalions and 1st and 2nd Light Battalions, King’s German Legion, 4th Brigade: commanded by Brigadier General Sigismund, Baron Löw: 5th and 7th Line Battalions, King’s German Legion, 2nd Division: commanded by Major General Rowland Hill1st Brigade: commanded by Brigadier General Christopher Tilson: 1st/3rd Buffs, 2nd/48th and 2nd/66th Foot and 1 company 5th/60th Foot, British 5th/60th Rifles: Battle of Talavera on 28th July 1809 in the Peninsular War: picture by Atkinson, 2nd Brigade: commanded by Brigadier General Richard Stewart: 29th and 1st/48th Foot and 1st Battalion Detachments, 3rd Division: commanded by Major General Randoll Mackenzie1st Brigade: commanded by Major General Randoll Mackenzie: 2nd/24th, 2nd/31st and 1st/45th Foot, 2nd Brigade: commanded by Colonel Donkin: 2nd/87th, 1st/88th and 5th/60th Foot, 4th Division: commanded by Brigadier General Alexander Campbell1st Brigade: commanded by Brigadier General Alexander Campbell: 2nd/7th Fusiliers and 2nd/53rd Foot and 1 company 5th/60th Foot, 2nd Brigade: commanded by Colonel James Kemmis: 1st/40th and 97th Foot and 2nd Battalion Detachments and 1 company 5th/60th Foot, Artillery:Lawson’s, Sillery’s and Elliot’s batteriesRettberg’s and Heise’s batteries, British Light Dragoons: Battle of Talavera on 28th July 1809 in the Peninsular War, French order of battle at the Battle of Talavera:Commander in Chief: Joseph Bonaparte, King of SpainChief of Staff: Marshal Jourdan, I Corps: commanded by Marshal Victor1st Division commanded by General Ruffin2nd Division commanded by General Lapisse3rd Division commanded by General Villatte, IV Corps: commanded by General Sebastiani1st Division commanded by General Sebastiani2nd Division commanded by General Valence3rd Division commanded by General Leval, Cavalry Brigade commanded by General Merlin, Madrid Division commanded by General Dessolles. Battle of Talavera on 28th July 1809 in the Peninsular War. Skirmishing took place between cavalry patrols. Guidon of the 23rd Light Dragoons: Battle of Talavera on 28th July 1809 in the Peninsular War. After several of their assaults were bloodily repulsed on the second day, the French retreated toward Madrid leaving the battlefield to the Anglo-Spanish army. The battalions of Leval’s Division that were engaging the Spanish also retreated and the whole division fell back. Talavera de la Reina is a city and municipality in the western part of the province of Toledo, which in turn is part of the autonomous community of Castile–La Mancha, Spain.It is the second-largest nucleus of population in Castile–La Mancha and the largest in the province: its population of 83,793 makes it larger than the city of Toledo, although the latter remains the provincial capital. These troops formed behind the British cavalry brigades of Fane and Anson to the west of the Cerro de Medellin. The King’s German Legion (KGL) was the Hanoverian army in exile. On 10th July 1809, Wellesley made the short journey to Casas del Puerto, on the far side of the River Tagus, to consult with General Cuesta and see at first hand the quality of his substantial Spanish army. Due to faulty orders, the King’s German Legion Brigade marched away to the west, having to be recalled and directed to its designated position as darkness fell. This report turned out to be untrue, but it was now 6pm and it seemed clear that the attacks had all failed. The Duke of Wellington reduced the number of ranks to two, to extend the line of the British infantry and to exploit fully the firepower of his regiments. It would seem that General Cuesta’s coach driver joined the flight, with the general an unwitting passenger. Due to the age and indisposition of General Cuesta, Wellesley became responsible for positioning the Spanish troops along the line from Talavera town to the Paiar de Vergarar. Royal Artillery gunner: Battle of Talavera on 28th July 1809 in the Peninsular War. At around 10am, Joseph and his staff mounted to the top of the Cero de Cascajal to reconnoitre the situation. Hill rode towards the men, taking them to be British, shouting to stop firing. The three defeated battalions of the 9th Light met at the Portina Brook and climbed back to the top of the Cerro de Cascajal, their attack abandoned. Both light cavalry regiments reformed and continued with their attack, the 1st Hussars being beaten off by the square of the 24th and the 23rd coming to grief in front of the square of the 27th Light or in a punishing fight with Merlin’s Cavalry Division. The Battle of Talavera was one of the key confrontations of the Peninsular War. Now that Joseph was aware that the British were advancing up the River Tagus towards Madrid with Cuesta’s Spanish army, he directed Soult to move south against the left flank of the British and Spanish armies, the manoeuvre Wellesley feared, while Joseph advanced down the River Tagus from Madrid with his reserve, meeting Sebastiani at Toledo and marching on to combine his forces with Victor for battle with Wellesley and Cuesta. The city gained fame during the Napoleonic invasion of Spain (1808-1814) since it was where the anglo-spanish allied army won the Battle of Talavera defeating the French troops (1809) The Talavera battalion consisted of: Fortescue states: ‘No praise can be too high for the Twenty-ninth, which practically defeated all three battalions of the French 9th single-handed, and thus decisively established the superiority of the British troops over their enemy.’. April 2, 2014 . The 25th Regiment suffered 320 casualties out of a compliment of 800. The French appeared to have broken its centre. Exploding shells fired by howitzers, yet in their infancy. On 22nd July 1809, the Spanish and British armies again advanced, moving in parallel columns, the Spanish on the left. 5 (Oman: excluded), 28th Ligne Infantry Regiment, three battalions, 32nd Ligne Infantry Regiment, three battalions, 58th Ligne Infantry Regiment, three battalions, 75th Ligne Infantry Regiment, three battalions, 4th Polish Infantry Regiment, two battalions, Hesse-Darmstadt Infantry Regiment, two battalions, Frankfurt Infantry Regiment, one battalion, 12th Légère Infantry Regiment, three battalions, 51st Ligne Infantry Regiment, three battalions, Chief-of-Staff (actual commander): Marshal of France, This page was last edited on 15 July 2020, at 11:05. They were easily repulsed by two Spanish infantry regiments and two of Campbell’s brigades. In the darkness, the 24th of the Line became lost and failed to deliver an attack. 23rd Light Dragoons encounter the ditch at the Battle of Talavera on 28th July 1809 in the Peninsular War. The Republicans, attempting to bar the road to Madrid at Talavera de la Reina, were defeated by the professional army of the Nationalists, with heavy casualties on both sides. Victor, following his success over Mackenzie’s Division at the Casa de Salinas, brought the rest of his corps over the River Alberche and advanced towards Wellesley’s positions, with Ruffin’s Division to the front on the right, followed by Villatte’s Division, with Lapisse’s Division on the left, followed by Beaumont’s 2 cavalry regiments and with Latour-Maubourg’s cavalry division spread across the plain to the left, in front of the Spanish positions. Wellesley planned to face the French army along the line of the Portina Brook, the Spanish right based on the walled town of Talavera and the British left on the Cerro de Medellin. Spanish losses were said by Cuesta to be 1,500. Although Wellesely's forces were outnumbered, and a sizeable contingent of the Spanish ran away, he had chosen a superb defensive position and was able to beat … After some hours, Victor finally moved a further 3 miles forward to Santa Olalla, where his corps camped for the night. At 5am on 28th July 1809, a single gun fired from the Cerro de Cascajal to signal the beginning of the French attack, followed by a barrage from all the guns on the Cerro at the British troops holding the Cerro de Medellin. ‘The General’s Hat’ at the Battle of Talavera on 28th July 1809. Map of the Talavera battlefield: Battle of Talavera on 27th/28th July 1809: map by John Fawkes. The 9th Light was on the right, with its line of advance over the plain to the north of the Cerro de Medellin, the 24th of the Line was in the centre and the 96th of the Line on the left. Beyond the two Cerros lay a plain, with rugged mountains beyond, called the Sierra de Seguilla. … With the opening of the bombardment, the French light troops rushed forward, followed by the infantry columns. Hill was surrounded by French infantrymen, one of whom grabbed his bridle and called on him to surrender. Halberdier Company (Real Guardia de Alabarderos) 2. Book your escape today! If you are too busy to read the site, why not download a podcast of an individual battle and listen on the move! The whole regiment of the 29th then wheeled into line and advanced obliquely down the slope towards the Portina Brook, catching the reserve battalion of the 9th Light as it climbed the hill, driving it back in disorder. Podcast of the Battle of Albuera: Marshal Beresford’s hard-fought battle against Marshal Soult on 16 th May 1811 during the Peninsular War, with his army of British, Portuguese and Spanish troops: John Mackenzie’s britishbattles.com podcasts The previous battle in the Peninsular War is the Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro. On 25th July 1809, Joseph marched into Vargas, to the north of Toledo, Sebastiani’s Corps reached the city of Toledo, while Victor halted on the River Guararrama, 10 miles west of the city, thereby concentrating the French First Corps, Fourth Corps and Reserve in an army of 46,000 men. Wellesley and Cuesta knew that Victor lay beyond Talavera with a corps of 22,000 French troops, while a further 13,000 were in reserve at Madrid under Joseph and his chief of staff, Jourdan. The regiments to the right of the 29th were the First Battalion of Detachments and the 48th Regiment of Stewart’s Brigade: then Tilson’s Brigade, flanked by the 2 brigades of King’s German Legion, then Sherbrooke’s Division, with Donkin’s Brigade in the rear. There they encountered 46,000 French under Marshal Claude Victor and Major-General Horace Sebastiani, with the French king of Spain, Joseph Bonapartein nominal command. Infantry, Light Infantry and Hussar of the King’s German Legion: Battle of Talavera on 28th July 1809 in the Peninsular War: picture by Charles Hamilton Smith. Joseph’s chief of staff, Jourdan, was against another attack, urging the danger that the Spanish might advance and force their way through the French army, driving it north into the mountains and leaving the road to Madrid open to the Spanish and British. After crossing the Portuguese border in two columns, Wellesley’s army marched into Plasencia, 120 miles west of Madrid, on 9th and 10th July 1809. The pictures on this post were taken by myself, when I visited the battlefields of Wellington’s 1809-12 campaigns in Spain as part of a tour conducted by Ian Fletcher of Ian Fletcher Battlefield Tours. Gate of Talavera: Battle of Talavera on 28th July 1809 in the Peninsular War. The King’s German Legion battalions arrived in the line late in the evening, after an exhausting day and many soldiers then fell asleep. Visit our dedicated Podcast page or visit Podbean below. On 17th July 1809, Wellesley’s army left Plasencia, crossed the River Tierar and reached Oropesa on 20th July 1809. 9. The Battle of Talavera de la Reina was fought on 3 September 1936 in the Spanish Civil War. The information was incorrect, but it caused Victor to put his corps into precipitate retreat. This was very informative and visiting the battlefield is an invaluable way of understanding the battle. All other infantry units are probably newly-raised volunteers. The next battle of the Peninsular War is the Battle of Usagre Generals at the Battle of Talavera: Lieutenant General Sir Arthur Wellesley against King Joseph Bonaparte. The French attack initially fell on the British right, where the light companies of Campbell’s Brigade were surprised in the area of vineyards and walled gardens around the Pajar de Vergara, losing prisoners to the German troops of Leval’s Division. Walloon Guards (Guardias Walonas) 4. The French cavalry comprised Cuirassiers, wearing heavy burnished metal breastplates and crested helmets, Dragoons, largely in green, Hussars, in the conventional uniform worn by this arm across Europe, and Chasseurs à Cheval, dressed as hussars. At Torrijos, the French cavalry came up with the Spanish rearguard of Zayas’ infantry division and two regiments of cavalry. The German and Foot Guards brigades were bundled back across the Portina Brook by the triumphant French infantry. General Lapisse was killed, urging his men on, his death striking a severe blow to the morale of his division, which fell back, leaving Sebastiani’s flank exposed. Having driven Marshal Soult's French army from Portugal, General Wellesley's 20,000 British troops advanced into Spain to join 33,000 Spanish troops under General Cuesta. Not expecting the French to have crossed the River Alberche, Mackenzie’s Division halted at the Casa de Salinas, without taking suitable precautions for defence. KGL uniforms mirrored the British. With these failings, during the course of the afternoon and evening of 27th July 1809, Wellesley’s army formed along the Portina Brook line, north of the Paiar de Vergarar to the Cerro de Medellin, in this order: from the right, British guns on the Paiar de Vergarar, with Campbell’s Brigade next in line; behind the Portina Brook, Kemmis’ Brigade, the Foot Guards, with Mackenzie’s Brigade behind the Foot Guards, then more British guns, Cameron’s Brigade, Langwerth’s KGL Brigade with the rest of the British guns. History: The Battle of Talavera 1809. Sir Arthur Wellesley: Battle of Talavera on 28th July 1809 in the Peninsular War. On receiving Victor’s report that he was retreating, Joseph changed the destination of his march from Talavera to Toledo. Seeing their fellow regiments driven back, the 9th Light abandoned its advance to the north of the Cero de Medellin and fell back to its starting position, joining the soldiers of the 24th and 96th of the Line back on the summit of the Cero de Cascajal. Soult, however, required that his three corps be assembled at Salamanca and that the major priority for French resources was to restore the fighting capability of his own corps, left without artillery, weapons and equipment after his disastrous retreat from Portugal. were of particular use against buildings. Agreement between Wellesley and Cuesta was difficult. The Battle of Talavera de la Reina was fought on 3 September 1936 in the Spanish Civil War. Guns also fired case shot or canister which fragmented and was highly effective against troops in the field over a short range. Death of General Mackenzie at the Battle of Talavera on 28th July 1809 in the Peninsular War: picture by R. Westall. 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