Psoroptic mange is probably the most severe of the mange dermatoses and is caused by the Psoroptes spp. Timothy J. Parkinson, Michael McGowan, in Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics (Tenth Edition), 2019. The fold of skin beside the tail is the characteristic site for infestation by Chorioptes bovis (3.14). All bedding for infested horses should be replaced with fresh product daily, if possible, or on treatment days, at a minimum. Chorioptic mange is most commonly seen in feathered horses. The white areas show secondary damage due to rubbing. In recent years psoroptic mange has also become more common in South Wales and elsewhere in Europe, especially Belgium. Pyrexia and often associated toxaemia caused by many infectious diseases can cause varying degrees of testicular degeneration. Psorergatic mange is caused by Psorergates bos and is not considered to be of economic importance. Psoroptic mange control is problematic. The mites cause a primary papular eruption that involves the pastern and fetlocks, giving rise to a condition with the name leg mange. R.M. 2018). Lesions were not usually extensive and occurred mainly in predilection sites. Other clinical signs are hair loss on the head, neck and back; droopy ears; and blockage of the outer ear canal with cerumen and exudates. Psoroptic mange causes a severe pruritus due to the severe inflammation resulting from the mites’ activity. Irritable areas of hair loss, skin thickening, exudation and scab formation are also sometimes seen on the lower limbs and poll … Complete clinical and parasitological cure for mite infestation … In more severe cases, permanent loss of seminiferous tubules occurs, with subsequent fibrosis and calcification (Fig. Initial lesions include erythema, papules, and crusts arising on the lower limbs. Good stabling hygiene with frequent bedding changes and keeping horses in their own stalls help reduce spread. In the dog (Soderberg 1986) and stallion (Blanchard 2011, Threlfall 2011), testicular biopsy is potentially useful in determining the prognosis for recovery. Chorioptic mange is a potentially important cause of poor breeding soundness in rams, characterised by superficial, exudative, fissured lesions on the lower third of the scrotum. The length of time that C. bovis mites can survive off the host has been debated, but this seldom is of major concern if adequate treatment is provided. Evaluation of the grain surface of leathers produced from the skins of cattle with chorioptic mange showed considerable alterations which, as regards … Less commonly infection is seen in the neck and shoulder region (3.16). In the ram, scrotal mange, caused by Chorioptes bovis (Fig. The clinical manifestation of the irritation and inflammation is intense pruritis (itching). It has been experimentally spread from cattle to sheep. It causes a follicular dermatitis rather than a scab-forming dermatitis. Occasionally, epidermal necrosis, edema, leukocytic exocytosis, and intraepidermal microabscesses may be seen. This may reflect biologic activity of the mites, environmental factors, longer hair coats, confinement causing increased density of cattle during winter, or other factors. The most severe of such infectious causes, orchitis, is considered under a separate heading, but many other, milder conditions affect the efficiency of spermatogenesis. Bacterial contamination of such testes frequently leads an inherently mild bout of degeneration to progress to purulent or necrotic orchitis. Lice infestation usually affects the neck and mane but may also affect the head, dorsum, flanks, fetlock, and tail or may be generalized in chronic cases. Chorioptic mange is less pathogenic than sarcoptic or psoroptic mange in … The prognosis for photosensitization is poor, if it is caused by liver dysfunction. Figure 6-10 Chorioptic mange. The mite has a life cycle that requires 2 to 3 weeks and is completed on the host. Calves seldom are affected clinically, and the disease tends to occur in mature milking cows in affected herds. The alteration of normal behaviour results in decreased feed intake and subsequent decreased weight gain in growing or finishing animals. Psoroptes mites collected from bighorn sheep apparently do not establish lasting infestations when transferred to domestic sheep and can be established only with difficulty on cattle (Wright et al., 1981). Intact basement membranes of the seminiferous tubules, the presence of spermatogonia within the tubules, and the patency of the lumina of the tubules all indicate a good prognosis for restoration of fertility (Kenney 1970). Careful examination, with close attention to any skin lesions, prior to movement to a new area or herd is important whether one suspects mange or a fungal (ringworm) agent. 1982). The mite can survive for many weeks in the environment, so environmental disinfestations are an important part of therapy. Serologic surveys using immunologic tests for detection of antibodies to Psoroptes mites have shown widespread prevalence of these mites in desert bighorn sheep populations in California (USA), where lesions tend to be mild and confined to the ears (Mazet et al., 1992). Chorioptic mange typically affects draft breeds with heavy feathering in their legs but may occasionally affect light breeds with thin hair coats. The extent of resolution depends on the degree of damage that is present in the seminiferous tubules. These cases were confirmed after a private veterinarian observed hair loss and skin lesions on the cattle and collected samples for diagnosis. Similar lesions are seen with Dermatophilus (3.38, 3.42). In any case, a veterinarian should be consulted whenever a skin disease is nonresponsive or is complicated by other infectious agents. Figure 2. Other skin diseases that may present similar lesions or clinical signs will also be discussed, so that a correct diagnosis can be determined and an appropriate treatment provided. Sporadic cases may be observed, but it is more common to have 10% to 20% of the herd showing mild lesions. Handling of the scrotum often initiates a nibble response. Chorioptic mange affecting the (lower) legs. 59-1). 2005 Dec;98(1) :21-5. doi ... Live mites were counted, and mange lesions were scored prior to treatment and at weekly intervals until the end of the study on day 56. These mites do not burrow deeply into the skin as do Sarcoptes scabiei, the cause of sarcoptic mange. The disease may regress spontaneously during warmer months, and residual mite populations are thought to concentrate in the pastern, tail head, perineum, or lower digital skin during this time. The feathers have been clipped. Lesions are usually confined to the lower limbs and pruritus induces foot stamping. Higher numbers of mites infest horses in the colder months, and clinical signs are typically worse in the winter. Lesions of psoroptic mange in bighorn sheep occur primarily in the ears or on the face and other parts of the head. Chorioptic mange is caused by non-burrowing Chorioptes equi (Fig. In wapiti, body lesions occur primarily in the winter months and may involve large areas of the neck, trunk, and upper legs.
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